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<img src="/images/1240.png">

   



 

<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>Hadoop Common     (公共的工具，为其他模块提供支撑)</li>
<li>Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS)  (是一个分布式文件系统，提供高吞吐量数据存储)</li>
<li>Hadoop YARN                    (是一框架，负责任务调度和集群资源管理)</li>
<li>Hadoop MapReduce    (负责大数据集合的并行计算)</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p>然而，我们安装完Hadoop的安装包后，在etc/hadoop目录中，可以看到全部的配置文件如下</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@hadoop101 hadoop]# pwd</span><br><span class="line">&#x2F;opt&#x2F;module&#x2F;hadoop-2.7.2&#x2F;etc&#x2F;hadoop</span><br><span class="line">[root@hadoop101 hadoop]# ll</span><br><span class="line">total 156</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011  4436 Jan 26  2016 capacity-scheduler.xml</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011  1335 Jan 26  2016 configuration.xsl</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011   318 Jan 26  2016 container-executor.cfg</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011  1066 Feb 13 22:27 core-site.xml</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011  3670 Jan 26  2016 hadoop-env.cmd</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011  4236 Feb 14 10:16 hadoop-env.sh</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011  2598 Jan 26  2016 hadoop-metrics2.properties</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011  2490 Jan 26  2016 hadoop-metrics.properties</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011  9683 Jan 26  2016 hadoop-policy.xml</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011   880 Feb 14 10:17 hdfs-site.xml</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011  1449 Jan 26  2016 httpfs-env.sh</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011  1657 Jan 26  2016 httpfs-log4j.properties</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011    21 Jan 26  2016 httpfs-signature.secret</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011   620 Jan 26  2016 httpfs-site.xml</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011  3518 Jan 26  2016 kms-acls.xml</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011  1527 Jan 26  2016 kms-env.sh</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011  1631 Jan 26  2016 kms-log4j.properties</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011  5511 Jan 26  2016 kms-site.xml</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011 11237 Jan 26  2016 log4j.properties</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011   951 Jan 26  2016 mapred-env.cmd</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011  1380 Feb 14 12:03 mapred-env.sh</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011  4113 Jan 26  2016 mapred-queues.xml.template</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 root  root   1179 Feb 14 14:25 mapred-site.xml</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011   758 Jan 26  2016 mapred-site.xml.template</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011    10 Jan 26  2016 slaves</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011  2316 Jan 26  2016 ssl-client.xml.example</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011  2268 Jan 26  2016 ssl-server.xml.example</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 root  root      0 Feb 14 14:06 vim</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011  2250 Jan 26  2016 yarn-env.cmd</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011  4564 Feb 14 12:05 yarn-env.sh</span><br><span class="line">-rw-r--r--. 1 10011 10011  1201 Feb 14 14:32 yarn-site.xml</span><br><span class="line">[root@hadoop101 hadoop]# </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>下面把四个模块和这些配置文件做一个简单的对应关系列表：<br>| 模块          | 配置文件名      | 环境变量配置脚本 |<br>| :———— | :————– | :————— |<br>| Hadoop Common | core-site.xml   | hadoop-env.sh    |<br>| HDFS          | hdfs-site.xml   | -                |<br>| YARN          | yarn-site.xml   | yarn-env.sh      |<br>| MapReduce     | mapred-site.xml | mapred-env.sh    |</p>
<h1 id="2-Hadoop三种运行模式"><a href="#2-Hadoop三种运行模式" class="headerlink" title="2.  Hadoop三种运行模式"></a>2.  Hadoop三种运行模式</h1><ol>
<li><p>单机模式</p>
<blockquote>
<p>不需要启动任何守护进程，所有的程序都直接运行在同一个JVM上执行。在独立模式下调试MR程序非常高效方便。所以一般该模式主要是在学习或者开发阶段调试使用 。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p>伪分布运行模式</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Hadoop的所有守护进程都运行在一台机器上，模拟一个小规模的集群，换句话说，可以配置一台机器的Hadoop集群,伪分布式是完全分布式的一个特例。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>3、分布式运行模式</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Hadoop守护进程分散运行在一个集群上。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ol>
<p><code>注意：所谓分布式要启动守护进程 ，即：使用分布式hadoop时，要先启动一些准备程序进程，然后才能使用比如start-dfs.sh  start-yarn.sh。而本地模式不需要启动这些守护进程</code></p>
<h1 id="3-三种运行模式与配置文件关系"><a href="#3-三种运行模式与配置文件关系" class="headerlink" title="3. 三种运行模式与配置文件关系"></a>3. 三种运行模式与配置文件关系</h1><p>下表是三种运行模式的“集群”所需要的最小化必需配置：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="left">组件名称</th>
<th align="left">配置文件</th>
<th align="left">属性名称</th>
<th align="left">本地模式</th>
<th align="left">伪分布式</th>
<th align="left">完全分布式</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="left">Common</td>
<td align="left">core-site.xml</td>
<td align="left">fs.defaultFs<br><code>指定HDFS中NameNode的地址</code></td>
<td align="left">file:///(默认)</td>
<td align="left">hdfs://localhost/</td>
<td align="left">hdfs://nanmenode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">HDFS</td>
<td align="left">hdfs-site.xml</td>
<td align="left">dfs.replication<br><code>指定HDFS副本的数量</code></td>
<td align="left">N/A</td>
<td align="left">1</td>
<td align="left">3(默认)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">MapReduce</td>
<td align="left">mapred-site.xml</td>
<td align="left">mapreduce.framework.name    <br><code>指定MR运行在YARN上</code></td>
<td align="left">local(默认）</td>
<td align="left">yarn</td>
<td align="left">yarn</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Yarn</td>
<td align="left">yarn-site.xml</td>
<td align="left">yarn.resoucemanager.hostname<br><code>指定YARN的ResourceManager的地址</code></td>
<td align="left">N/A</td>
<td align="left">localhost</td>
<td align="left">resoucemanager</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
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